A mild favorable effect of soy protein with isoflavones on body composition—a 6-month double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial among Chinese postmenopausal women (2025)

Koskova I, Petrasek R, Vondra K, Skibova J . Weight, body composition and fat distribution changes of Czech women in the different reproductive phases: a longitudinal study. Prague Med Rep 2007; 108: 226–242.

CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Misso ML, Jang C, Adams J, Tran J, Murata Y, Bell R et al. Differential expression of factors involved in fat metabolism with age and the menopause transition. Maturitas 2005; 51: 299–306.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Jacobsen DE, Samson MM, Kezic S, Verhaar HJ . Postmenopausal HRT and tibolone in relation to muscle strength and body composition. Maturitas 2007; 58: 7–18.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Delibasi T, Berker D, Aydin Y, Pinar T, Ozbek M . Effects of combined female sex hormone replacement therapy on body fat percentage and distribution. Adv Ther 2006; 23: 263–273.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Manson JE, Hsia J, Johnson KC, Rossouw JE, Assaf AR, Lasser NL et al. Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 523–534.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Hendrix SL, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Johnson KC, Howard BV, Kooperberg C, Rossouw JE et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen on stroke in the women's health initiative. Circulation 2006; 113: 2425–2434.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Aoyama T, Fukui K, Takamatsu K, Hashimoto Y, Yamamoto T . Soy protein isolate and its hydrolysate reduce body fat of dietary obese rats and genetically obese mice (yellow KK). Nutrition 2000; 16: 349–354.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Naaz A, Yellayi S, Zakroczymski MA, Bunick D, Doerge DR, Lubahn DB et al. The soy isoflavone genistein decreases adipose deposition in mice. Endocrinology 2003; 144: 3315–3320.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Nagasawa A, Fukui K, Kojima M, Kishida K, Maeda N, Nagaretani H et al. Divergent effects of soy protein diet on the expression of adipocytokines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 311: 909–914.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Goodman-Gruen D, Kritz-Silverstein D . Usual dietary isoflavone intake and body composition in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2003; 10: 427–432.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Yamori Y . Worldwide epidemic of obesity: hope for Japanese diets. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2004; 31 (Suppl 2): S2–S4.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Sites CK, Cooper BC, Toth MJ, Gastaldelli A, Arabshahi A, Barnes S . Effect of a daily supplement of soy protein on body composition and insulin secretion in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 2007; 88: 1609–1617.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Liao FH, Shieh MJ, Yang SC, Lin SH, Chien YW . Effectiveness of a soy-based compared with a traditional low-calorie diet on weight loss and lipid levels in overweight adults. Nutrition 2007; 23: 551–556.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Allison DB, Gadbury G, Schwartz LG, Murugesan R, Kraker JL, Heshka S et al. A novel soy-based meal replacement formula for weight loss among obese individuals: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57: 514–522.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Kok L, Kreijkamp-Kaspers S, Grobbee DE, Lampe JW, van der Schouw YT . Soy isoflavones, body composition, and physical performance. Maturitas 2005; 52: 102–110.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Moeller LE, Peterson CT, Hanson KB, Dent SB, Lewis DS, King DS et al. Isoflavone-rich soy protein prevents loss of hip lean mass but does not prevent the shift in regional fat distribution in perimenopausal women. Menopause 2003; 10: 322–331.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Yang Y (ed). China Food Composition 2004. Peking University Medical Press: Beijing, 2004, pp 79–201.

Google Scholar

Lukaski HC, Johnson PE, Bolonchuk WW, Lykken GI . Assessment of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance measurements of the human body. Am J Clin Nutr 1985; 41: 810–817.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Cope MB, Erdman Jr JW, Allison DB . The potential role of soyfoods in weight and adiposity reduction: an evidence-based review. Obes Rev 2008; 9: 219–235.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Weickert MO, Reimann M, Otto B, Hall WL, Vafeiadou K, Hallund J et al. Soy isoflavones increase preprandial peptide YY (PYY), but have no effect on ghrelin and body weight in healthy postmenopausal women. J Negat Results Biomed 2006; 5: 11.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Aubertin-Leheudre M, Lord C, Khalil A, Dionne IJ . Effect of 6 months of exercise and isoflavone supplementation on clinical cardiovascular risk factors in obese postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind study. Menopause 2007; 14: 624–629.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Mori M, Aizawa T, Tokoro M, Miki T, Yamori Y . Soy isoflavone tablets reduce osteoporosis risk factors and obesity in middle-aged Japanese women. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2004; 31 (Suppl 2): S39–S41.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Matthan NR, Jalbert SM, Ausman LM, Kuvin JT, Karas RH, Lichtenstein AH . Effect of soy protein from differently processed products on cardiovascular disease risk factors and vascular endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85: 960–966.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Cassidy A . Factors affecting the bioavailability of soy isoflavones in humans. J AOAC Int 2006; 89: 1182–1188.

CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Cederroth CR, Nef S . Soy, phytoestrogens and metabolism: a review. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 304: 30–42.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Deibert P, Konig D, Schmidt-Trucksaess A, Zaenker KS, Frey I, Landmann U et al. Weight loss without losing muscle mass in pre-obese and obese subjects induced by a high-soy-protein diet. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004; 28: 1349–1352.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Li Z, Hong K, Saltsman P, DeShields S, Bellman M, Thames G et al. Long-term efficacy of soy-based meal replacements vs an individualized diet plan in obese type II DM patients: relative effects on weight loss, metabolic parameters, and C-reactive protein. Eur J Clin Nutr 2005; 59: 411–418.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, Nelson DE, Engelgau MM, Vinicor F et al. Diabetes trends in the US: 1990–1998. Diabetes Care 2000; 23: 1278–1283.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Anderson JW, Konz EC . Obesity and disease management: effects of weight loss on comorbid conditions. Obes Res 2001; 9 (Suppl 4): 326S–334S.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Norris SL, Zhang X, Avenell A, Gregg E, Schmid CH, Kim C et al. Efficacy of pharmacotherapy for weight loss in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164: 1395–1404.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Greenway F . Obesity medications and the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther 1999; 1: 277–287.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Yalcin AS . Emerging therapeutic potential of whey proteins and peptides. Curr Pharm Des 2006; 12: 1637–1643.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Sites CK, L’Hommedieu GD, Toth MJ, Brochu M, Cooper BC, Fairhurst PA . The effect of hormone replacement therapy on body composition, body fat distribution, and insulin sensitivity in menopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 2701–2707.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Chen Z, Bassford T, Green SB, Cauley JA, Jackson RD, LaCroix AZ et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and body composition—a substudy of the estrogen plus progestin trial of the Women's Health Initiative. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 82: 651–656.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Thorneycroft IH, Lindsay R, Pickar JH . Body composition during treatment with conjugated estrogens with and without medroxyprogesterone acetate: analysis of the women's Health, Osteoporosis, Progestin, Estrogen (HOPE) trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 197: 137 e1-7.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Guo SS, Zeller C, Chumlea WC, Siervogel RM . Aging, body composition, and lifestyle: the Fels Longitudinal Study. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70: 405–411.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Orgaard A, Jensen L . The effects of soy isoflavones on obesity. Exp Biol Med 2008; 233: 1066–1080.

Article Google Scholar

Harmon AW, Patel YM, Harp JB . Genistein inhibits CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) activity and 3T3-L1 adipogenesis by increasing C/EBP homologous protein expression. Biochem J 2002; 367 (Part 1): 203–208.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Anderson GH, Tecimer SN, Shah D, Zafar TA . Protein source, quantity, and time of consumption determine the effect of proteins on short-term food intake in young men. J Nutr 2004; 134: 3011–3015.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Prentice AM, Jebb SA . Beyond body mass index. Obes Rev 2001; 2: 141–147.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Lee SY, Gallagher D . Assessment methods in human body composition. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2008; 11: 566–572.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Vasudev S, Mohan A, Mohan D, Farooq S, Raj D, Mohan V . Validation of body fat measurement by skinfolds and two bioelectric impedance methods with DEXA—the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study [CURES-3]. J Assoc Physicians India 2004; 52: 877–881.

PubMed Google Scholar

Ritchie JD, Miller CK, Smiciklas-Wright H . Tanita foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis system validated in older adults. J Am Diet Assoc 2005; 105: 1617–1619.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Boneva-Asiova Z, Boyanov MA . Body composition analysis by leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in non-obese and obese individuals. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008; 10: 1012–1018.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Ellis KJ . Human body composition: in vivo methods. Physiol Rev 2000; 80: 649–680.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Wu J, Oka J, Ezaki J, Ohtomo T, Ueno T, Uchiyama S et al. Possible role of equol status in the effects of isoflavone on bone and fat mass in postmenopausal Japanese women: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Menopause 2007; 14: 866–874.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Muthyala RS, Ju YH, Sheng S, Williams LD, Doerge DR, Katzenellenbogen BS et al. Equol, a natural estrogenic metabolite from soy isoflavones: convenient preparation and resolution of R- and S-equols and their differing binding and biological activity through estrogen receptors alpha and beta. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12: 1559–1567.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar