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What is the Federal Poverty Level (FPL)?
The federal poverty level is a number set by the federal government each year. FPL is based on income and family size. This number is used to determine eligibility for different federal & state benefit programs.
FPL is used to determine eligibility for: Medicaid, Marketplace Tax Subsidies, SNAP, energy assistance, and other subsidies. The thresholds vary by state. (This form does not incorporate the federal guidance for Alaska and Hawaii.) Use this calculator to get an estimate of where your family falls on the FPL.
In 2023, the federal poverty level definition of low income for a single-person household is $14,580 annually. Each additional person in the household adds $5,140 to the total. For example, the poverty guideline is $30,000 per year for a family of four.
The Census Bureau determines poverty status by using an official poverty measure (OPM) that compares pre-tax cash income against a threshold that is set at three times the cost of a minimum food diet in 1963 and adjusted for family size.
For an individual, the poverty threshold is $14,891. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services uses the Census Bureau threshold to determine who is eligible for certain government assistance programs, like SNAP (food stamps).
The FPL doesn't look at just the income you take home—instead, your FPL is based on your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI). Where you fall on the FPL will change yearly because the federal government adjusts the guidelines annually for inflation. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) of 1981 (42 U.S.C.
Poverty is measured in the United States by comparing a person's or family's income to a set poverty threshold or minimum amount of income needed to cover basic needs. People whose income falls under their threshold are considered poor. The U.S. Census Bureau is the government agency in charge of measuring poverty.
The federal poverty level is a number set by the federal government each year. FPL is based on income and family size. This number is used to determine eligibility for different federal & state benefit programs.
When the federal government refers to “income,” it is referring to modified adjusted gross income, which is not a number on your tax return. For most people, it's the same or similar to adjusted gross income. A “household” is typically defined based on tax status.
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