One author - in-text citation
Format
(Author last nameYear)
Example
.....finding information (Richardson 2018)ORRichardson (2018) claimed that …
See Also
Differences between citation and reference | CW AuthorsWhat's the difference between a bibliography and works cited?What is the difference in a works cited and an in-text citation?Difference Between Citation and Reference (with Comparison Chart) - Key DifferencesTwo authors - in-text citation
Format
(Author last name andAuthor last nameYear) -Use the word'and'not'&'between names.
Example
(Black andJacobsen 2020)ORBlack and Jacobsen(2020) mention that ..
Three authors - in-text citation
Format
(First author last name et al. Year) OR First author last name et al. (Year)
Example
(Jackson et al.2018)ORJackson et al. (2018)
Group authors - in-text citation
Format
(Group author name [abbreviation] Year)
Subsequent references
(AbbreviationYear) OR Abbreviation (Year)
Example
In text citation:
(Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade [DFAT]2021)ORDepartment of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT 2021)
Authors with same surname - in-text citation
- When citing sources written by authors with the same surname, include the authors’ initials in in-text citations.
Example
D Nguyen (2009) and L Nguyen (2009) both reported the same effects occurring in lakes and rivers.
Three or more authors, same first author - in-text citation
- When referencing two or more sources published in the same year, and all these sources have the same first author and maybe even the same second, third authors, provide the names of enough authors in the in-text citation to show the difference.
Examples
(Larour, Morlighem, et al. 2012)
(Larour, Schiermeier, et al. 2012)
(Milillo, Rignot, Mouginot, Scheuchl, Li, et al. 2017)
(Milillo, Rignot, Mouginot, Scheuchl, Morlighem, et al. 2017)
Multiple works by same author(s) and same year - in-text citation
- Works published in the same year by the same authorare listed alphabetically by the title of thework and a lower-case letter (a, b, c, ...)is added immediately after the date, in both the reference list and in-text citations.
Example
She has written extensively on Australia – New Zealand relations (Dobell 2018a, 2018b).
Multiple works by same author - in-text citation
- If you cite two or more works from the same author/s at one point in the text, arrange the sourcesin chronological order, starting with the earliest date.
Example
The process first identified by Watson (1960, 1966, 1968), shows..
Multiple sources cited at one point - in-text citation
- When citingmultiple worksin thesame in-text citation, usesemicolonsbetween citations. Placeauthors namesinalphabetical order.
- Enclose all the citations in one set of parentheses.
Example
Other researchers reported similar results (Abaza 2019; Black 2018; White and Jones 2017).
Works with no author - in-text citation
- When the name of an author or authoring body is not shown, cite the reference by its title and the year.Use the first few words if the title is too long.
Example
This was apparently not the case before about 1995 (The entrepreneur's guide to the law1999).
Works with no publication date - in-text citation
- For works without a date, write n.d.(for ‘no date’) instead of the year of publication.
