Spotify Business Model (2024)

Spotify is a music streaming platform that gives users access to a large catalog of music. It uses a freemium revenue model that offers a basic, limited, ad-supported service for free and an unlimited premium service for a subscription fee.

Spotify relies heavily on its music algorithms and its community of users and artists to keep its premium experience delightful. Its premium subscriber base has grown from 10% of total users in 2011 to 46% in 2018.

From the start Spotify saw itself as a legal alternative to pirated music and paid song purchases on iTunes. Spotify pays a significant portion of its revenue in the form of royalties to music labels. It has paid close to $10 billion in royalties since its launch in 2006.

The company accelerated the shift from music downloads to streaming and disrupted Apple iTunes in the process.

For the first time in company history, Spotify made a profit in 2019.

Spotify Business Model (1)

1. Attract a large base of users with a free service

Spotify’s free music stream- ing service gives users access to a catalog of millions of songs. The free service has basic functionality and users have to listen to messages from advertisers that partially subsidize the free service.

2. Convert free users to a premium value proposition

Spotify has been extremely successful at converting free users to paid users. Its premium service has additional features and it removes advertising. In 2018, 46% of Spotify’s users are premium users, who generate 90% of its total revenues.

3. Manage retention and churn

Like in any subscription model a user’s lifetime value (LTV)—how much Spotify can earn from a user over time— increases the longer the company can retain users. This is called managing customer churn. In the first half year of 2019, Spotify’s premium subscriber churn rate fell to a record low of 4.6%.

4. Balance cost of free and premium

Spotify pays record labels close to 52% of the revenue generated by each stream. Over 85% of music streamed from Spotify belongs to
four record labels: Sony, Universal, Warner, and Merlin. In 2018, Spotify pays €3.5 billion in royalties for premium users and €0.5 billion for free users, which equates to 74% of overall costs.

5. Finance it all with your revenue stream from premium

The particularity of the freemium model is that you need to be able to cover the costs of free and paying users. Spotify’s user base grows to over 248 million users in 2019 for which it needs to pay royalties. Of those users, 54% consume (limited) music for free.

Spotify Business Model (2)

Spotify Business Model (3)

Spotify Business Model (2024)

FAQs

Spotify Business Model? ›

It uses a freemium revenue model that offers a basic, limited, ad-supported service for free and an unlimited premium service for a subscription fee. Spotify relies heavily on its music algorithms and its community of users and artists to keep its premium experience delightful.

How does Spotify make money? ›

Spotify provides audio-streaming services. The biggest share of the company's revenues comes from its Premium Service. Spotify generates revenue through user retention, new customers, and conversion of users of the Ad-Supported Services to Premium Services.

What is the successful business model of Spotify? ›

With the freemium model, Spotify has been able to reach a wider audience and democratize music streaming. It provides an opportunity for users who may not be able to afford a premium subscription to still enjoy their favorite music. This inclusivity has contributed to Spotify's massive success and popularity.

Why is Spotify not making profit? ›

The cost of content is really expensive. If you're going to be an effective music streaming service, you really do need to have essentially all of the world's music, and so you have to pay to license that music. Nearly 70 cents of every dollar that Spotify makes from streaming music goes to music rights holders.

What is Spotify's main business? ›

Spotify operates under a freemium business model (basic services are free, while additional features are offered via paid subscriptions). Spotify generates revenue by selling premium streaming subscriptions to users and advertising placements to third parties.

How much does Taylor Swift make from Spotify? ›

The estimated $131 million in royalties Taylor Swift's music earned from Spotify is 1.3% of $9.7 billion, so I'll assume she received 1.3% of all Spotify royalty payments. Taylor Swift is paid as both the composer and performer of her music, and also owns the master recordings of the “Taylor's Version” of her albums.

What is Spotify's main expense? ›

What are Spotify's main costs? The biggest cost in Spotify's books is the royalty fees paid to label companies and their artists. The amount paid is based on a percentage of the number of plays each song gets.

Is Spotify ever going to be profitable? ›

Music streaming giant Spotify has announced record profits of over €1bn (£860m) after a year of cutting costs and laying off staff. The Swedish company has been growing its user base for years, offering subscribers access to podcasts and audiobooks.

Why are people boycotting Spotify? ›

Young's boycott was unusual: political in a very practical way, and so personal, given his childhood polio experience. The many artists who have previously stood up to the platform have mostly done so to protest poor financial remuneration for artists: a Spotify stream is worth less than $US0.

Who is Spotify owned by? ›

Who owns Spotify? Spotify is owned by a number of individual and institutional investors, including the company's co-founders, Daniel Ek and Martin Lorentzon, and leading investment managers, such as Baillie Gifford.

What is Spotify's business problem? ›

In fact, Spotify has never reported a positive net income since its inception, and has accumulated losses of more than $4 billion over the years. The main reason for this is that Spotify's revenue model is based on paying royalties to the content creators (artists, songwriters, producers, labels, etc.)

Who uses Spotify the most? ›

The majority of Spotify's audience is inclined towards the younger generation like Gen Z and millennials. The largest age group that access Spotify for music and podcasts is between the ages of 25 and 34 with 29% of users.

How much does Spotify pay for 1 million streams? ›

Starting in January 2024, Spotify will start paying artists once they reach 1,000 streams in the last 12 months. In other words, if you reach 1 million streams, you will receive about $3,000 to $4,000 in royalties throughout your digital distribution.

How much does Spotify actually pay? ›

How Much Does Spotify Pay per Stream? Spotify pays $0.003-$0.005 per single stream, but how much Spotify artists make depends on other factors. Listeners can also alter the artists' streaming payouts based on their subscription tier, location, and how often they play a song.

Is music on Spotify copyrighted? ›

Almost all songs on Spotify are protected by copyright. Unless specifically stated as being in the public domain or under a free license, it's safe to assume that a song is copyrighted.

How much does Spotify pay for 10000 streams? ›

Under Spotify's current model, an artist whose music garners 10,000-50,000 monthly streams earns $100-600 per month from Spotify, according to estimates by Sound Campaign.

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